Italian Translation: Crazy Trivia
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With the arrival of Communism within the Soviet Union, with its atheistic outlook, the Church became convinced it was a “Satanic” force bent on destroying Christianity and European civilization. This line of thinking permeated the Church at all levels, and steered it in directions that could successfully counter the Communist menace, irrespective of the moral failings this may have led to.
This was a chaotic time in which revolutionary groups tried to achieve energy in the vacuum left by the abdicating Kaiser. Among them have been socialist groups who had not too long ago gained power installing the Munich Soviet Republic. At the Munich nunciature exactly where Pacelli was stationed, there was a meeting of the diplomatic corps in which it was made the decision to talk to a man named Levien, head of the Munich Soviet, to assure an understanding that the Communist government ought to recognize the immunity of diplomatic representatives as well as the extraterritoriality of their residences.
Pacelli, pondering that it would be undignified for him to appear personally, sent his aide Monsignor Schioppa. When Schioppa returned, he gave the nuncio adequate eyewitness data to recreate the circumstances of the meeting. In this letter Pacelli relayed the facts he had heard and endorsed, or that he added himself, which includes occasional personal annotations:
The confusion completely chaotic, the filth entirely nauseating; soldiers and armed workers coming and going; the building, once the property of a king, resounding with screams, vile language, profanities. Absolute hell. An army of employees have been dashing to and fro, giving out orders, waving bits of paper, and inside the midst of all this, a gang of young women, of dubious appearance, Jews like the rest of them, hanging around in all the offices with lecherous demeanor and suggestive smiles. The boss of this female rabble was Levien’s mistress, a young Russian woman, a Jew as well as a divorcee, who was in charge.
This Levien is often a young man, of about thirty or thirty-five, also Russian plus a Jew. Pale, dirty, with drugged eyes, hoarse voice, vulgar, repulsive, having a face which is both intelligent and sly. He deigned to receive the Monsignor Uditore inside the corridor, surrounded by an armed escort, 1 of whom was an armed hunchback, his faithful bodyguard. With a hat on his head and smoking a cigarette, he listened to what Monsignor Schioppa told him, whining repeatedly that he was in a hurry and had more necessary issues to do.”
This translation, from John Cornwell’s “Hitler’s Pope”, developed very a stir. First, for the reason that Cornwell interpreted it as evidence of Pacelli’s antisemitism, and second, due to the fact papal apologists had been speedy to dismiss it as not just a supposedly poor translation of the original Italian, but also as proof of Cornwell’s alleged malicious intent. Pacelli’s defenders claim Cornwell was just portraying Archbishop Pacelli in the worse feasible light to explain his lack of decisive action to protect Jews during the Holocaust.
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I think papal apologists are wrong. Aside from whatever inaccuracies “Hitler’s Pope” may well have, this translation of Pacelli’s report of the episode using the people from the Munich Soviet isn’t 1 of them.
“Lo spettacolo, che ora presenta detto palazzo, e indescrivibile. La confusione piu caotica, il sudiciume piu nauseante, l’andirivieni continuo di soldati e di operai armati, le grida, le parole sconce, le bestemmie, che ivi risuonano, rendono quella, che fu la residenza prediletta dei re di Baviera, una vera bolgia infernale. Un esercito di impiegati, che vanno, che vengono, che trasmettono ordini, che propagano notizie, e fra essi una schiera di giovani donne, dall’aspetto poco rassicurante, ebree come i primi, che stanno in tutti gli uffici, con arie provocanti e con sorrisi equivoci. A capo di questo gruppo femminile vi e l’amante di Levien, una giovane russa, ebrea, divorziata che comanda da padrona. E a costei la nunziatura ha dovuto purtroppo inchinarsi per avere il biglietto di libero passaggio!
Il Levien e un giovanotto, anch’egli russo ed ebreo, di circa trenta o trentacinque anni. Pallido, sporco, dagli occhi scialbi, dalla voce rauca e sguaiata: un vero tipo ributtante, eppure con una fisionomia intelligente e furba. Si e degnato appena di ricevere Monsignor Uditore in un corridoio, circondato da una scorta armata, fra cui un gobbo anch’egli armato, che e la sua guardia fedele.”
In the report in Italian it says, “una schiera di giovani donne“, which Cornwell and other people present as “a gang of young women” and papal apologists think it must be the a lot more neutral “a group of young women”. But then, “con arie provocanti” implies with provocative air or appearance. I do not think saying ” lecherous demeanor” as opposed to “provocative appearance” is often a mistranslation. They translate “sorrici equivoci” as “a certain smile”, which just isn’t bad, but “equivoci” is also “suspicious”. In this context, given what the writer thinks and is saying of these women, the “suspicious” smiles usually are not just the vague “certain”, but rather the far more suitable “suggestive”. Pacelli defenders then accuse Cornwell of mistranslating “gruppo femminile” as “female rabble” as an alternative to “female group”, which would be the appropriate literal translation. However, as I stated earlier, in the context of the rest of the letter I do not believe making use of “rabble” instead of “group” is inappropriate, given that a rabble is really a variety of group that perfectly describes what Pacelli is talking about. There’s no doubt that to him, these women had been whores.
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